2.11 IMMUNITY

Overview of animal immunity

Structure of an antibody

 The structure of a B cell antigen receptor

Clonal selection of B cells (Biology: A Global Approach 

11th edition, page 1108)

Antibody function by binding to antigens







The structure of a T cell antigen receptor

Cam

Retrieved from Biology: A Global Approach 11th edition

Overview of the adaptive immune response

Active immunity and passive immunity

Differentiate between active immunity and passive immunity

Active immunity involves antibodies produced within the body while passive immunity involves antibodies injected/inserted into the body. Active immunity involves the activation of lymphocytes while passive immunity does not involve activation of lymphocytes. Active immunity responds to antigen/pathogen while passive immunity does not responds to antigen/pathogen. The action of antibody in active immunity is long-lasting but the activation of antibody in passive immunity is short-lasting. Memory cells are present in active immunity but memory cells are absent in passive immunity. Active immunity is more effective whereas passive immunity is less effective.

Vaccine = small amount of antigen such as inactivated bacterial toxins, killed microbes or weakened microbes which do not cause illness but able to induce an immune response.

Examples of vaccination: rubella, BCG, HPV, hepatitis and MMR.

Primary immune response and secondary immune response through vaccination